Cell Culture Technology by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783319748542
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

5.2.2 Matrix-Based 3D Cell Cultures

Expanding the cellular in vitro environment by a third dimension contributes immensely to the generation of a physiologic environment. To extend cellular growth to the third dimension, supportive structures, also referred to as matrices or scaffolds, have been engineered from numerous materials. However the vast amount consist of ceramics (such as tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite), synthetic polymers (such as polystyrene, poly-l-lactic acid, or polyglycolic acid), or natural polymers (such as collagen, alginate, or silk), each having different physicochemical properties, architecture, and biodegradability. Inherent material characteristics such as porosity, pore size and distribution, surface-to-volume ratio, mechanical characteristics, and surface chemistry have an influence on cellular behavior (see ► Chap. 6). Cell attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation were shown to be impacted by material characteristics. In return, 3D cultivation has a remarkable impact on the outcome of drug screening, cell shape, and cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. Obviously, every material has its own advantages and disadvantages and must be therefore chosen to fit the respective biological requirements. Ceramics are porous structures with high stiffness and thus suitable for bone tissue engineering approaches, whereas softer, fibrous, or gel-like matrices are more suitable for mimicking a skin, cartilage, or tendon environment. To combine the best of different materials, composites containing two or more materials are gaining interest. Recent advances in manufacturing technology of 3D materials, such as 3D printing, open up new possibilities to produce a completely defined architectural environment.

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